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The Dravidian languages, now spoken mainly in peninsular India, form one of two main branches of the Zagrosian language family, whose other main branch consists of Elamitic and Brahui. Proto-Dravidian, the old...
Often overlooked is the importance of early-maturing rice varieties with their ability to escape droughts, avoid floods, and in some localities, open up the opportunity for double cropping. Most varieties grow...
The languages of Northeast Asia show evidence of dispersal from south to north, consistent with the hypothesis that agriculture spread north and east from the vicinity of Liaoning, beginning with the millets a...
The process of moving from collecting plants in the wild to cultivating and gradually domesticating them has as its linguistic corollary the formation of a specific vocabulary to designate the plants and their...
Modern genetics, ecology and archaeology are combined to reconstruct the domestication and diversification of rice. Early rice cultivation followed two pathways towards domestication in India and China, with s...
Taiwan’s aboriginal peoples are thought to be related to ancestral Austronesian-speaking peoples. Currently, Taiwan has 14 officially acknowledged aboriginal tribes. The major crops currently farmed in aborigi...
Type II diabetes is a major chronic disease. In developing countries, the prevalence of type II diabetes is increasing enormously. Much research indicates that choice of carbohydrates, particularly those with ...
This paper discusses the origins of Oryza sativa japonica rice cultivation in the Yangzi region of China and asks how and with which migrating human populations it spread south to reach Taiwan by 3,000 BC and Sou...
Population genetic studies may provide crucial information for our knowledge on human peopling history and have been extensively applied to reconstruct East Asian prehistory in the last 10 years. However, diff...
Southwest China played a pivotal role in the spread of agriculture across East and Southeast Asia. Both rice and millet were important in the spread of populations and the expansion of agriculture into this re...
Cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) is derived from Asian wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff). Vietnamese local varieties and wild natural populations in Vietnam and Myanmar were examined to evaluate the levels of ge...
Submergence tolerance is an important trait where short term flash flooding damages rice. Tolerant landraces that withstand submergence for 1–2 weeks were identified. Due to the heterogeneity in flood-prone ec...
Plants have developed several morphological and physiological strategies to adapt to phosphate stress. We analyzed the inducible transcripts associated with phosphate starvation and over-abundant phosphate sup...
OsSUT2 encodes a putative sucrose transporter containing 12 transmembrane domains in rice plants. Subcellular localization of the OsSUT2::GFP fusion protein indicated that OsSUT2 is a cell membrane protein. In em...
Hybrid weakness phenomena in rice reportedly have two causes: those of HWC1 and HWC2 genes and those of HWA1 and HWA2 genes. No detailed study of the latter has been reported. For this study, we first produced cr...
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient with numerous cellular functions in plants, and its deficiency represents one of the most serious problems in human nutrition worldwide. Zn deficiency causes a decrease ...
While cultivated rice, Oryza sativa, is arguably the world’s most important cereal crop, there is little comparative morphological information available for the grain of rice wild relatives. In this study, the en...
In future climates, rice crops will be frequently exposed to water deficit and heat stress at the most sensitive flowering stage, causing spikelet sterility and yield losses. Water deficit alone and in combina...
Wild species of rice (genus Oryza) contain many useful genes but a vast majority of these genes remain untapped to date because it is often difficult to transfer these genes into cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.)...
In rice-consuming countries, specific varieties are recognized as premium, “gold standard” varieties, while others are recognized as being superior but second best, despite being identical using the current su...
We present an overview of a research platform that provides essential germplasm, genotypic and phenotypic data and analytical tools for dissecting phenotype–genotype associations in rice. These resources inclu...
Repetitive sequences, primarily transposable elements form an indispensable part of eukaryotic genomes. However, little is known about how these sequences originate, evolve and function in context of a genome....
The main objectives of the “Oryza Map Alignment Project” (OMAP) are to characterize the rice genome from a comparative standpoint by establishing a genus-wide and genome-scale comparative framework from represent...
This study characterized Pokkali-derived quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for seedling stage salinity tolerance in preparation for use in marker-assisted breeding. An analysis of 100 SSR markers on 140 IR29/Pokk...
Among the planthoppers of rice, the brown planthopper (BPH) is a major threat to rice production and causes significant yield loss annually. Host-plant resistance is an important strategy to reduce the damage ...
The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies opens a new era for discovering genome diversity and genetic mapping. A sequencing-based method was recently developed to genotype recombinant populations ...
Two types of innate immune receptors, pattern recognition receptors, and resistance proteins, play crucial roles in plant innate immunity; however, the molecules activated by the receptors and how immune respo...
Rice landraces tolerant of up to 2 weeks of complete submergence were collected from farmers’ fields in the 1950s. Success in fine mapping of SUBMERGENCE 1 (SUB1), a robust quantitative trait locus from the subme...
Long Terminal Repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) are a major component of several plant genomes. Important insights into the evolutionary dynamics of these elements in a genome are provided by the comparative s...
Histone modifications play pivotal roles in chromatin remodeling and gene regulation. Rice genome possesses multiple genes encoding different classes of histone modification enzymes. Specific histone modificat...
Leaf photosynthesis, an important determinant of yield potential in rice, can be estimated from measurements of chlorophyll content. We searched for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for Soil and Plant Analyzer Deve...
One of the major challenges in genetics has been to identify the nucleotide polymorphisms responsible for phenotypic variation. Through intensive analysis, several major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for agro...
Iron (Fe) is an important micronutrient for living organisms. Fe deficiency severely impairs plant growth and is a widespread human dietary problem, with particularly high numbers of affected children and fema...
In plants, polyglutamylated folate forms account for a significant proportion of the total folate pool. Polyglutamylated folate forms are produced by the enzyme folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS). The FPGS e...
Over the past two decades, genetic dissection of complex phenotypes of economic and biological interest has revealed the chromosomal locations of many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in rice and their contribut...
Germin-like protein (GLP) markers were associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to the rice blast pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae in multiple rice (Oryza sativa) mapping populations. Twelve paral...
WRKY transcription factors regulate diverse plant processes including responses to biotic stresses. Our previous studies indicate that OsWRKY62, an OsWRKY IIa subfamily member, functions as a negative regulato...
Carbon isotope discrimination (∆13C) is considered as an index of leaf-level water use efficiency, an important objective for plant breeders seeking to conserve water resources. We report in rice a genetic analys...
The beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) and the rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus) are two important insect pests in rice production. To identify insect-responsive genes in rice, we performed a deep tran...
Diseases caused by fungal and bacterial pathogens like Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae are responsible for considerable yield loss. Up to now, in rice, the modification of the expression of m...
Australian Oryza are an understudied and underexploited genetic resource for rice improvement. Four species are indigenous: Oryza rufipogon, Oryza meridionalis, Oryza australiensis are widespread across northern ...
A secreted cellulase of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae induces innate immune responses in rice including a hypersensitive response (HR) like reaction. Microarray analysis was conducted using RNA isolated 12 h foll...
Transcriptional profiling has identified genes associated with adaptive responses to phosphorus (P) deficiency; however, distinguishing stress response from tolerance has been difficult. We report gene express...
In humans, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies result in major worldwide health problems. Transgenic technologies to produce Fe- and Zn-biofortified rice varieties offer a promising potential solution. Nicoti...
Transgenic rice with cleavable chimeric polyprotein and single-protein gene constructs placed under the control of single maize ubiquitin promoter were generated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformati...
Using an Affymetrix sugarcane genechip, we previously identified 154 genes differentially expressed between grain and sweet sorghum. Although many of these genes have functions related to sugar and cell wall m...
Hybrid weakness is a reproductive barrier. In rice, the hybrid weakness caused by two complementary genes––HWC1 and HWC2––has been surveyed extensively. However, their gene products and the molecular mechanism th...
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