Fig. 1
From: Genome Editing Technology and Its Application to Metabolic Engineering in Rice
Summary of latest genome editing technologies. a Genome editing technologies involved in modification of DNA sequences. (i) Cas9 delivered to the target sequence by gRNA causes targeted mutagenesis. (ii) If template DNA is present, GT occurs, but infrequently. (iii) Base substitution can be introduced into a target sequence by a base editor. (iv) By combining nCas9 with pegRNA and RT, the target sequence can be inserted accurately into the target site: “prime editing”. b Genome editing without modification of DNA sequence. CRISPRi/CRISPRa can regulate gene expression of a target gene using dCas9 and a transcription factor such as KRAB or VP64. See main text for details of each technology