Fig. 2

Growth variables of IR881413-BB-75-4 in raised bed. Sterilized soil = soil taken from field B912 and steamed; Natural infestation = soil taken from field B912 and; Natural infestation + P. arrhenomanes = B912 soil with additional P. arrhenomanes inoculation. a Fresh root weight over the cropping season. †‡ indicate the presence of Pythium arrhenomanes DNA in rice roots in naturally infested soil (bottom row) and naturally infested soil + P. arrhenomanes, (top row) respectively. bd indicates that the level of Pythium arrhenomanes DNA in rice roots is below detection. b Gall scoring on a scale of 5; 0 = 0 %, 1 = <10 %, 2 = 10-25 %, 3 = 26-50 %, 4 = 51-75 %, 5 = 75 < % of roots infected with galls. c Population dynamics of Meloidogyne graminicola juveniles in rice roots. d Number of galls, e number of nematodes and f their developmental stages at 20 days after transplanting. Statistics were performed with One-way ANOVA Duncan test (α = 0.05; a, b, c) or Mann-Whitney U test (α = 0.05; d, e, f), different letters indicate significant differences. Error bars are the standard error (n = 4 to 8 for a, b, c; n = 15 for d, e, f)