Fig. 2

Male reproductive development was defective in ws1-1. A Spikelets of WT and ws1-1 with lemma/palea removed. B Anthers of WT and ws1-1. C SEM imagines of WT and ws1-1 anthers. D Comparison of WT and ws1-1 anthers and pollens at the mature stage; the pollens were stained with I₂-IK solution (normal pollens showed dark color). E–P Comparison of microsporogenesis in WT and mutant anthers by staining of transverse sections with 0.1% toluidine blue. The development stages were described by Zhang et al. (2011). Scale bar = 2 mm in (A–D, white bars), 100 µm in (D, red bars), and 25 µm in (E–P)