Fig. 1

The phenotype of ws1-1 mutant. A–C Comparison of wild-type (WT) and ws1-1 panicles (A) and spikelets (B, C) at the mature stage. The white arrows (in A) indicate the starchy seeds in ws1-1. D Comparison of WT and ws1-1 panicles at the heading stage. E Morphology of seeds produced by WT and ws1-1 at different DAF. F, G Starchy endosperm in WT seeds and transparent liquid in ws1-1 seeds at 12 DAF stained with I₂-IK solution. H Cumulative percentages of normal seeds (NS), watery seeds (WS), and empty seeds (ES, containing no developed caryopsis) in WT and ws1-1 at the mature stage were obtained from statistics of 30 panicles each. Scale bars = 2 mm