Fig. 2

Longevity of dehydroascorbate (DHA)-induced resistance in protecting the rice plants from Meloidogyne graminicola. Two-week-old rice plants were treated with 20 mM DHA followed by nematode inoculation 250 J2s per plant (a) 1, (b) 3, (c) 7, and (d) 14 days post-treatment. Observations on galls, total nematodes, and egg-laying females were recorded two-week post nematode inoculation. Bars on each column indicate the SE from eight replicates. The experiment was independently repeated two times, providing confirmatory results. *Asterisks on error bar indicate statistically significant difference (Student’s t-test, * = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.01)