Fig. 4

Phenotypic and genotypic differences at 24 cloned genes with heterotic effects on GYP related traits. a GYP phenotypic distribution of three genotypes in the RIL and BCF₁ combined population across three environments. b Differences of allelic frequencies between the 19 superior high-yield BCF₁ hybrids and the 454 infer low-yield BCF₁ hybrids. Fisher’s exact Test (one-tail) tests were used to determine significant (P < 0.05) differences of allelic frequencies between the 19 high-yield BCF₁ hybrids and the 454 infer low-yield BCF₁ hybrids. Gene symbols in red indicate significant differences, whereas gene symbols in black indicate no significant difference. Gene symbol with underline represents the allele of one parent may come from japonica/Geng