Fig. 1

Distinct phenotypes of autotetraploid rice compared with its diploid parent. a Seedling morphology of diploid and autotetraploid rice. Phenotype of 2 × and 4 × rice at 10 days after germination (left). Leaf (green) and root (yellow) length measurements are shown on the right. *P < 0.05, t test, two-sided (N = 30). b Light micrographs of cross-sections from 2 × and 4 × leaves. The cell layers of the cross sections (indicated as index1 and index2) through the leaf midvein were measured and statistically calculated by t test. Error bar represents SD (N > 50). Bar = 50 μm. c Cross-sections from 2 × and 4 × rice roots. Scale bars are 50 μm. Statistical analysis of three types of root cells, including stele cells, cortex cells, and total cells, is shown (right), *P < 0.05, two-sided t test (N > 45)