Nitrogen application and different water regimes at booting stage improved yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) formation in fragrant rice

Rice

Table 5 Correlation analyses between 2AP content in brown rice and the investigated parameters

Index	FH	7 d AFH	14 d AFH	21 d AFH	MS
2AP
grain		0.2147 ns	0.2812^a	0.5429^b	0.7498^b
leaf	0.3890^b	0.6964^b	0.1884 ns	0.1342 ns	0.2631 ns
Stem-sheath	− 0.6084^b	− 0.3214^a	− 0.6450^b	0.6214^b	0.2021 ns
Proline
Grain		0.3932^b	0.1677 ns	−0.223 ns	− 0.2222 ns
Leaf	0.1045	0.5046^b	−0.0224	−0.6608^b	− 0.4014^b
Stem-sheath	0.4646^b	0.5116^b	0.6379^b	0.4770^b	−0.1290 ns
Root	0.5538^b	0.2828^a	0.1685 ns	0.2453 ns	0.0726 ns
P5C
Grain		−0.0523 ns	0.2554 ns	0.2870^a	0.3595^b
Leaf	0.2937 ns	0.4995^b	0.4389^b	0.1976 ns	0.0345 ns
Stem-sheath	0.3997^b	0.4860^b	0.4826^b	0.4271^b	0.4858^b
Root	0.4400^b	0.5269^b	0.3002^a	0.4625^b	0.4085^b
PDH
Grain		0.1834 ns	0.0236 ns	0.1666 ns	−0.2187 ns
Leaf	−0.0700 ns	0.3822^b	0.0587 ns	0.2778^a	−0.1782 ns
Stem-sheath	0.5317^b	0.3289^a	−0.1446 ns	0.4552^b	0.0974 ns
Root	0.5641^b	0.1983 ns	0.0040 ns	0.2589 ns	0.2439 ns
P5CS
Grain		0.1147 ns	0.3975^b	0.5407^b	0.3103^a
Leaf	0.2743 ns	0.3494^b	0.0739 ns	−0.0577 ns	−0.2724^a
Stem-sheath	0.3929^b	0.7658^b	0.2302 ns	0.5854^b	0.1644 ns
Root	0.2960^a	0.5961^b	0.4466^b	0.5879^b	0.1445 ns
DAO
Grain		−0.0112 ns	−0.1510 ns	−0.5052^b	− 0.3963^b
Leaf	−0.0805 ns	− 0.3096^a	0.1360 ns	0.0167 ns	−0.2337 ns
Stem-sheath	0.0397 ns	−0.3492^b	0.1060 ns	−0.0642 ns	−0.6041^b
Root	0.2525 ns	−0.4732^b	−0.0649 ns	− 0.2147 ns	−0.1632 ns
OAT
Grain		−0.6194^b	−0.3658^b	− 0.4099^b	−0.1367 ns
Leaf	−0.0063 ns	0.0322 ns	−0.0834 ns	0.0025 ns	0.2044 ns
Stem-sheath	0.4662^b	0.1237 ns	−0.3382^a	−0.2943^a	0.3043^a
Root	0.2406 ns	−0.0471 ns	−0.4170^b	− 0.2384 ns	−0.0278 ns

FH, Full heading stage; 7d AFH, 7d after full heading; 14 d AFH, 14d after full heading; 21 d AFH, 21d after full heading; MS, Maturity stage
ns, not significant at the 0.05 probability level; ^a and ^b, significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively