Fig. 5From: Overexpression of the Tibetan Plateau annual wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) HsCIPKs enhances rice tolerance to heavy metal toxicities and other abiotic stressesEffects of heavy metal toxicities on root growth in rice seedlings overexpressing HsCIPKs. a-c Construct for HsCIPK overexpression (a), callus induction in rice mature embryos (b), and transgenic plants (c). d-h Root relative elongation rates (%; RER) of four-day-old rice seedlings overexpressing HsCIPKs treated for 24 h with 0.5 μM HgCl2 (d), 5 μM CdCl2 (e), 5 μM K2Cr2O7 (f), 0.25 μM CuSO4 (g), and 5 μM PbCl2 (h), respectively. Values shown are means ± SD. Single, double, and triple asterisks indicate P < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively (t test; compared to the wild-type control NT seedlings). NT, nontransgenic regeneration linesBack to article page