Preferential Geographic Distribution Pattern of Abiotic Stress Tolerant Rice

Rice

Table 1 Generalized Standard Evaluation System for rice (SES)

SES score^a	General Description^b and Desirability	Cold Stress at Seedling Stage^c	Tolerance^a
0	Absence of visible symptoms or injury	no damage to leaves, normal leaf color	Highly tolerant
1	Potential donor of the trait	no damage to leaves, normal leaf color	Highly tolerant
2	Trait expression is satisfactory	tip of leaves slightly dried, folded, and light green	Tolerant
3	Potential donor of the trait	tip of leaves slightly dried, folded, and light green	Tolerant
4	Trait expression is not as good as it should be, but may be acceptable under some circumstances	intermediate	Intermediate
5		intermediate	Intermediate
6		leaves of seedlings are severely rolled and dried	Sensitive
7	Trait expression is unsatisfactory (not useful)	leaves of seedlings are severely rolled and dried	Sensitive
8		the majority of the seedlings died and dried	Highly sensitive
9		the majority of the seedlings died and dried	Highly sensitive

^aAlthough SES scoring is a 10 division (0-9) visual or pictorial scoring system; however, for some traits, human eye cannot easily differentiate between 10 divisions, then only five (1, 3, 5, 7, 9) or three (1, 5, 9) digits are used (IRRI 2013). In this review, generally we considered SES 1-3, 4-6, 7-9 as tolerant, intermediate, sensitive, respectively
^bSpecific description depends on the stress, severity, growth stage of the plants etc.
^cMost rice scientists, especially rice breeders are familiar with SES scoring, however, those unfamiliar can simply understand the interpretation of generalized SES scoring system with the specific SES scoring examples of cold stress at seedling stage