Fig. 4

Inhibition of the primary root growth and DNA ladder formation in WT and transgenic lines under salt stress. a Three-day-old seedlings were treated with 0, 100 and 150 mM NaCl for 5 days. The root relative elongation rates were calculated as described in the Materials and methods. Values are means, and error bars represent the SD of three independent experiments n > 30) and the different letters denote the significant difference among different lines (ANOVA, P < 0.05). b Primary root cell viability was presented using Evans Blue dye in WT and transgenic lines treated with 0 or 150 mMNaCl for 3 days. Bars = 200 μm. c DNA ladder formation after treatment with 300 mMNaCl for 8 h in root tips. d Relative expression levels of OsVPE homology genes determined by qRT-PCR. Total RNA was extracted from the roots. OsUBQ5 was used as an internal control. Values are means, and error bars represent the SD from three independent experiments