Fig. 2

Phenotypes and histological analysis of transgenic plants overexpressing OsHox32. a–c Phenotypes of OsHox32-OV and wild type plants. a and c the tillering stage; b the heading stage; Wild type is at left and OsHox32-OV at right. d and e Cross sections of the leaves of wild type (d) and OsHox32-OV plants (e). f Index of leaf rolling (LRI) in OsHox32-OV plants. LRI(%) = (Lw-Ln)/Lw × 100 %. Ln, leaf width under natural rolling conditions; Lw, unfolding from rolling. g Width of leaves in OsHox32-OV and wild type plants. h Leaf area index in OsHox32-OV and wild type plants. i Plant height and panicle length in OsHox32-OV and wild type plants. j Grains per panicle and Seed-setting rate in OsHox32-OV and wild type plants. k Number of bulliform cells in OsHox32-OV and wild type plants (n = 30 groups). l qRT-PCR analysis of the OsHox32-OV lines. OsHox32-OV 1, 2 and 3 are three independent lines. m and n Cross sections of the midribs of wild type and OsHox32-OV plants. The black lines demarcate the angle of the midrib. o and p Bulliform cells in the leaves of wild type and OsHox32-OV plants. Arrows denote bulliform cells. Scale bars: 400 μm; * denotes t test at 0.05 significance probability level; ** denotes t test at 0.01 significance probability level. The OsHox32-OV line presented in all figures is OsHox32-OV2. All data are given as the mean ± SD. (n =10 individuals)