Fig. 4

Illustration of proof-of-concept of development of climate-resilient rice lines by manipulating single, double, or multiple genes at the same time and future possibilities. (A) Network of abiotic stresses, (B) Network of biotic stresses, (C) Combined tolerance between abiotic and biotic stresses, (D) CRISPR-edited rice line possessing tolerance against multiple stresses at the same time. Solid lines represent the proof-of-concepts of development of tolerance or resistance against multiple stresses at the same time, whereas doted lines show future directions and potential areas in rice gene editing to be explored. BLB, bacterial leaf blight; RBSDV, rice black streak dwarf virus; SRBSDV, southern rice black streak dwarf virus