Fig. 1
From: Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Rice via Manipulation of Key Root Traits
Overview of main greenhouse gases produced, and the pathways of emission from cultivated rice in a well-drained soil (left) or flooded paddy soil (right). In drained conditions, the porous spaces in the soils are gas-filled and contain molecular O2. CO2 and N2O are produced as a by-products of respiration, nitrification and denitrification. These gasses can easily diffuse from the soil to the atmosphere via the gas-filled pores. In flooded soils however, the porous spaces are water-filled and molecular diffusion of gases is highly impeded. CO2 and CH4 produced in respiration by roots or microorganism and in methanogensis accumulate to high concentration due to the slow diffusion. These greenhouse gases are primarily vented to the atmosphere through plant-mediated diffusion or to a lesser extent via ebullition. Created with BioRender.com.