Fig. 4

Hybridization between circum-Aus and African upland japonica varieties: a Dots are values of Patterson's D-statistic for each of the 12 chromosomes of the African upland rice varieties. The bars surrounding the points correspond to the standard deviation obtained with the Jackknife block procedure. A positive value of D indicates an excess of shared alleles between the P3 and P2 populations, while a negative value suggests an excess of shared alleles between P2 and P1. b A schematic illustration of Patterson's D test. The scenario proposed to test gene flow (excessive allele sharing) between circum-Aus accessions (P3) and African upland japonica varieties (P2), compared to Asian upland japonica rice (P1). The Oryza glaberrima species is used as an outgroup. The green arrow indicates gene flow from circum-Aus to African upland rice varieties, while red arrow indicate gene flow between cAus to Asian tropical japonica. c Patterns distributions of ABBA and BABA along chromosome 6 of African upland japonica rice accessions. This figure was obtained based on the scenario diagram in Fig. 5. The ABBA motif designates an excess of alleles from the donor circum-Aus (P3) in the recipient population (P2). The opposite BABA pattern designates an excess of alleles shared between the P1 and P2 populations. On the x-axis, the position in base pairs along chromosome 6, and on the y-axis the count of observed motifs