Fig. 6

Haplotype OsDPE2 with higher DPE2 enzyme increases the panicle yield of rice. a Haplotype analysis showing the 2nd and 330th amino acids of the OsDPE2 divided into three haplotypes: OsDPE2(TA), OsDPE2(AQ), and OsDPE2(AA). b Protein spatial structure of OsDPE2 haplotypes predicted by Phyre2. c Analysis of starch binding capacity of different haplotypes of OsDPE2 proteins and different CBM2 domain proteins with MBP tag. Starch binding capacity was determined as previously described (Ruzanski et al; 2013). Briefly, starch (20 mg) was incubated with label protein (20 μM) at 4 ℃for 30 min. The reaction system was divided into precipitate (P) and supernatant (S) via centrifugation. The gel underwent vertical electrophoresis with 8% protein PAGE gel after denaturing the same amount of control group (C), supernatant (S) and precipitate (P). d The binding of recombinant proteins to the maltose assay of OsDPE2 haplotypes via differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF). Each data group had three replicates; Tukey's multiple comparisons test. Different letters represent statistically significant differences between data groups. e In-gel DPE2 enzyme assay and f OD values of OsDPE2 haplotypes. Each data group had three replicates; Tukey's multiple comparisons test. Different letters represent statistically significant differences between data groups. g Panicle and plant phenotypic characteristics of ZH11 and OsDPE2 (AQ)^ZH11. Scale bar of panicle = 4 cm and plant = 20 cm. h–m Yield traits of WT and OsDPE2(AQ)^ZH11 for three consecutive years. Sidak's multiple comparisons test. Bars represent mean ± SE (one-way ANOVA). n = 30 biologically independent samples