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Fig. 9 | Rice

Fig. 9

From: Variety-Specific Transcriptional and Alternative Splicing Regulations Modulate Salt Tolerance in Rice from Early Stage of Stress

Fig. 9

A landscape of molecular response in rice leaves at early stage of salt stress. The left panel: The salt treatment induced water shortage, ABA signaling and ROS burst. These signals would affect upper part of rice plants through several different pathways after several hours of salt stress. (1) ABA and ROS transports to leaves and close stomata and disturb photosynthetic metabolism, which will cause over excessive generation of ROS, and subsequently destroy the membrane system of cells if the ROS cleavage system does not function efficiency, finally make cell death and leave senescence (Apel and Hirt 2004; Chaves et al. 2009; Hu et al. 2020). (2) At early stage of salt stress, water shortage triggered ROS burst down regulated chloroplast development and photosynthetic components (Formentin et al. 2018), which will subsequently reduce photosynthesis activity in leaf cells, and then reduce the ROS accumulation (Huang et al. 2009; Ponce et al. 2021; Wang et al. 2021). (3) ROS and ABA and other plant hormone signaling turn down the ribosome, which is responsible for protein synthesis. Reduction protein synthesis will reduce energy consumption of the plants (Moin et al. 2021). However, basic protein synthetic activity is still necessary, because stress proteins are required for stress tolerance. (4) Genes involved in carbohydrate and amino acids metabolism were regulated to a new balance status after sensing the ROS, ABA and other hormone signals (Ponce et al. 2021). This pathway and (3) participates in regulation of protein biosynthesis, modulating abundance of stress proteins, such as ROS cleavages (Ponce et al. 2021). The integrated regulations in different pathways at early stage of salt stress may finally control longevity of leaves under continuous salt stress conditions (Hu et al. 2020). Other regulations not discussed here could also found from (Ponce et al. 2021). The right panel: Expressions of genes responsible for these modulations could be regulated through a variety-specific manner on both transcriptional and mRNA splicing levels

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