Fig. 1
From: Heat Stress During Gametogenesis Irreversibly Damages Female Reproductive Organ in Rice
Effects of control (30 °C) and heat stress (38 °C—HT38; 40 °C—HT40) exposure during gametogenesis on spikelet fertility in N22 and IR64. Emasculated – refers to spikelet fertility in panicles in which anthers were manually removed and pollinated by dusting fresh pollen. Non-emasculated - refers to spikelet fertility in panicles with natural pollination i.e., without manual interference. Values shown are mean ± standard error. Means followed by a common letter are not significantly different between temperature treatments and genotypes within either emasculated /non-emasculated plants at P ≤ 0.05