Fig. 5

Overexpression of OsERF106MZ impairs the homeostasis of sodium and potassium in transgenic shoots. a Na⁺ and K⁺ contents and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio in the shoots of Tainung 67 and OsERF106MZ-overexpressing rice plants. b Quantification of OsHKT1.1, OsHKT1.3, and OsAKT1 mRNAs in the shoots of Tainung 67- and OsERF106MZ-overexpressing rice plants. The values are the mean ± SE of at least four biological replicates, each with two technical replicates. Asterisks indicate significant differences (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01) in comparison to the corresponding WT (Tainung 67) based on Student’s t-test. The seedlings were grown on basal medium for 7 days and then transferred to basal medium containing 0 or 150 mM NaCl for an additional 4 days