Genetic differentiation and restricted gene flow in rice landraces from Yunnan, China: effects of isolation-by-distance and isolation-by-environment

Rice

Table 2 Partial Mantel tests of association between genetic/morphological differentiation and geographic/environmental distance of rice landraces in japonica and indica groups

Group	Matrix pair	Controlled	Phenotype	All loci	SSR	CatA	GBSSII	Os1977	STS22	STS90	S5	Pid3	Ehd1	GS3	GS5
Japonica	G ×Dist	Env	0.2568**	0.3579**	0.3919**	0.0118	0.0091	-0.0032	0.0332	-0.0991	0.101	0.1339	-0.0647	0.1364	0.3404**
Japonica	G ×Env	Dist	0.2367*	0.3142**	0.3069**	-0.0333	0.0919	0.1454	0.1306	0.2223*	0.0534	-0.0774	0.0747	-0.0531	-0.0181
Indica	G ×Dist	Env	0.1178	-0.0076	0.1393	-0.0079	0.2061**	0.0984	0.1505**	-0.0074	0.1267	-0.0324	0.1423*	0.0543	-0.0417
Indica	G ×Env	Dist	0.1371	0.0184	0.1399	0.1712	0.2515*	0.0881	0.0093	-0.0329	-0.1231	0.0513	-0.0372	-0.0479	0.0112

G genetic distance; Dist geographic distance; Env environmental distance. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01