Fig. 1

Population structure in 1929 Asian and 620 Malagasy rice accessions estimated from 23,981 genome wide SNPs. a: output of sNMF for K = 2 to K = 5. From top to bottom, the Asian accessions (prefix A) are organised first by their classification in Wang et al. 2018 groups and subgroups, then by alphabetic order of country (not shown). Malagasy accessions (prefix M) are organised first by groups identified by sNMF with K = 3, then by increasing values of ancestry coefficient. b Unweighted neighbour-joining tree of simple matching distances. Tree branches are coloured according to membership in sNMF groups at K = 3 and ancestry coefficient 0.8, for Malagasy accessions, according to Wang et al. (2018) subpopulations of Asian accessions