Fig. 3
Additive and epistatic effects of grain-size QTLs in single-segment (SSSLs), double-segment (DSSLs), and triple-segment (TSSLs) chromosomal substitution lines (2020). μ is the phenotypic value, a denotes the additive effect of QTLs, I denotes the additive × additive epistatic effect between QTLs. The P-value for a SSSL indicates the probability of a significant difference between the SSSL and ‘Xihui 18’, and the SSSL carried a QTL (Student’s t-test, p < 0.05). The P-value for a DSSL and TSSL indicates the probability of an epitatic effect between QTLs in the DSSL or TSSL, i.e., (Xihui 18 + DSSLij) and (SSSLi and SSSLj), and (Xihui 18 and Xihui 18 + TSSLijk) and (SSSLi and SSSLj + SSSLk) (Student’s t-test, p < 0.05). Chr, Chromosome; S, SSSL; D, DSSL; T, TSSL. S1: Chr3, RM6266--RM5626--RM168; S2: Chr3, RM6297--RM14396--RM175; S3: Chr7, RM1132--RM8261-RM7601--RM22155; S4: Chr8, RM8264--RM223--RM284; D1: Chr3, RM6266--RM5626--RM168, Chr3,RM6297--RM14396--RM175; D2: Chr3, RM6297--RM14396--RM175, Chr7, RM1132--RM8261-RM7601--RM22155; D3: Chr3, RM6266--RM5626--RM168, Chr7, RM1132--RM8261- RM7601--RM22155; T1: Chr3, RM6266--RM5626--RM168, Chr3, RM6297--RM14396--RM175, Chr7, RM1132--RM8261-RM7601--RM22155. T2: Chr3, RM6266--RM5626--RM168, Chr7, RM1132--RM8261- RM7601--RM22155, Chr8, RM8264--RM223--RM284. Internal markers connected with a hyphen indicate the substitution segment from the donor, whereas markers at each end of the substitution segment linked with ‘--’ indicates that segment recombination might occur