Strategies to Manage Rice Sheath Blight: Lessons from Interactions between Rice and Rhizoctonia solani

Li, Dayong; Li, Shuai; Wei, Songhong; Sun, Wenxian

doi:10.1186/s12284-021-00466-z

Rice

Table 1 The effective strategies to generate rice cultivars with enhanced sheath blight resistance are developed based on the findings in molecular interactions between rice and R. solani

From: Strategies to Manage Rice Sheath Blight: Lessons from Interactions between Rice and Rhizoctonia solani

Essential pathogenicity factors in R. solani		The strategies and genes/proteins used to enhance rice sheath blight resistance		Promoters/Transformation methods	References
Name	Roles during infection	Name	Functions	Promoters/Transformation methods	References
Oxalic acid	Oxalic acid (OA) is secreted and accumulated early in the pathogen–plant interaction, and is involved in plant cell wall degradation.	OsOXO4	The oxalate oxidase detoxifies OA and generates CO₂ and H₂O₂, which triggers defense responses in plants.	A green tissue-specific promoter-cassette, the biolistic method	Molla et al. (2013)
Oxalic acid		OxDC (Bacisubin)	The oxalate decarboxylase (OxDC) from Bacillus subtilis catalyzes the production of formic acid and CO₂ from OA, which reduces the accumulation of oxalic acid.	The CaMV35S promoter, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation	Qi et al. (2017)
RPMK1-1 and RPMK1-2	PMK1 homologs are essential for the formation of appressorium, the fungal infection srtructures, and invasive growth inside the plant.		Host-derived RNA interference is used to silence RPMK1-1 and RPMK1-2 in R. solani.	Embryogenic calli as a target tissue using a biolistic particle gun	Tiwari et al. (2017)
AG1IA_04727	The gene encodes polygalacturonase.		Host-derived RNA interference (Silencing)	Constitutive maize ubiquitin promoter, A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation	Rao et al. (2019)
Polygalacturonase	Polygalacturonases (PGs) secreted by R. solani degrade pectin, which is a major plant cell wall component.	OsPGIP1	The polygalacturonase inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) can specifically recognize PGs to prevent fungal infection through inhibiting their cell wall degradation activity.	The CaMV35S promoter, A. tumefaciens -mediated transformation	Wang et al. (2015b)
		OsPGIP2^L233F		The maize ubiquitin-1 promoter, A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation	Chen et al. (2019)
		ZmPGIP3			Zhu et al. (2019)
PAA	A biologically active toxin molecule produced by R. solani	Glyoxalase	The glyoxalase detoxifies the cytotoxic metabolite methylglyoxal generated in response to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants.	The CaMV35S promoter, A. tumefaciens -mediated transformation	Gupta et al. (2017)
α-1,3-glucan	masking chitin to evade PRR recognition, and maintaining the infection-specific hyphal structure	α-1,3- glucanase	A bacterial α-1,3-glucanase is able to remove α-1,3-glucan on the fungal surfaces.	The CaMV35S promoter, A. tumefaciens -mediated transformation	Fujikawa et al. (2012)

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