Fig. 7

The inhibition of OsVPE3 delayed the process of PCD in rice aleurone layers. Aleurone layers were stripped from the intact seeds imbibed for 12 h, and then the isolated layers were pre-incubated in a solution containing distilled water alone (control) or 10 μg/mL phalloidin (AF depolymerization inhibitor), 10 μg/mL cytochalasin B (CB) (AF depolymerizer), 10 μM Ac-YVAD-CMK (caspase-1 inhibitor) alone or in combination for 7 d. Finally, the stained layers with FM-4-64 (orange or red, dead cells) and FDA (green, live cells) were observed to distinguish live cells and dead cells under LSCM, and the corresponding images were immediately captured. a The captured images were performed three times and a representative aleurone layer section is shown. Scale bar is 10 μm. b The survival rate of cells was quantified for at least three aleurone layers. Error bars indicate the means ± s.d., n = 3 biological independent experiments with at least three replicates for each. Bars with different alphabets show significant different at P<0.05 according to Duncan’s multiple range test