Fig. 4

The depolymerization of AF increased the levels of OsVPE3 mRNA transcription and VPE activity. Aleurone layers were stripped from the intact seeds imbibed for 12 h, and then the isolated layers were pre-incubated in a solution containing distilled water alone (control) or 10 μg/mL phalloidin (AF depolymerization inhibitor), 10 μg/mL cytochalasin B (CB) (AF depolymerizer), 10 μM Ac-YVAD-CMK (caspase-1 inhibitor) alone or in combination for 12 h. VPE activities (a) and OsVPE1-4 mRNA transcripts (b) were measured. The VPE activity and OsVPE1 expression in the control were selected as 1. Error bars represent the means ± s.d., n = 3 biological independent experiments with at least three replicates for each. Bars with different alphabets show significant different at P<0.05 by Duncan’s multiple range test