Fig. 3

OsVPE exhibited caspase-1-like enzymatic activity. Aleurone layers were stripped from the intact seeds imbibed for 12 h, and then the isolated layers were pre-incubated in a solution containing distilled water (control) alone or 10 μM Ac-YVAD-CMK (caspase-1 inhibitor), and 10 μM Ac-DEVD-CHO (caspase-3 inhibitor) alone or a combination for 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 h. Then, the activities of VPE (a), caspase-1 (b), and caspase-3 (c) were measured. Error bars represent the means ± s.d., n = 3 biological independent experiments with at least three replicates for each. Bars with different alphabets show significant different at P<0.05 by Duncan’s multiple range test