Fig. 5

Homologous comparison and expression analysis. a A neighbor-joining tree of PPR gene and its homologs. The tree was constructed using MEGA and bootstrapped with 1000 replicates. The proteins are named according to their gene/EST names or NCBI accession numbers. OsNPPR3 was indicated by the red frame. b Expression levels of PPR gene in various tissues and different developmental stages endosperm of the wild type (n = 3 each). c Histochemical staining showed that PPR: GUS reporter gene is ubiquitously expressed in the root, stem, leaves, panicles and leaf shoots from the left photo to the right, respectively. d Real-time PCR analysis of starch synthesis genes in 12 days after flowering (DAF) wild-type (WT) and flo14 mutant (flo14) seeds. Actin1 was used as an internal control. Data gives as means ± SD from three independent biological replicates and was compared by Student’s t-test (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01). Scale bars: 1 cm for all panels in (c). BE I: branching enzyme I, UGPase I: UTP-glucose-1-phosphate-uridyly-1 transferase, SS I:soluble starch synthase I, SS IIa: soluble starch synthase IIa, SS IIIa: soluble starch synthase IIIa, SS IIIb: soluble starch synthase IIIb, SS IVb: soluble starch synthase IVb, GBSS I: granule-bound starch synthase I, GBSS II: granule-bound starch synthase II, PUL: pullulanase, PPDKB: pyruvate phosphate dikinase B, BE IIa: branching enzyme IIa, BE IIb: branching enzyme IIb, PHOL: starch phosphorylase L, ISA I: Isoamylase I, ISA II: Isoamylase II, AGPS 2b: ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2b, AGPL 1: ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit 1, AGPL 2: ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit 2, SUS 4: sucrose synthase 4