Fig. 8

Effects of aeration or/and 50 μM CdCl2 treatments on pectin synthesis in the cell wall of rice root. a Pectin methylesterification degree (PMD) in rice root; b Pectin methylesterase (PME) activity in rice root. The 3-week-old rice seedlings under hydroponic culture were aerated with air pump (30 min per hour) in the absence or presence of 50 μM CdCl2 for 14 d. The values are means ± SE (n = 3). Different letters on bar indicate significant differences at P < 0.05