Introgression of Root and Water Use Efficiency Traits Enhances Water Productivity: An Evidence for Physiological Breeding in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Rice

Table 1 List of markers associated with specific target trait used for Foreground selection

Trait associated	Trait component	Marker	Chr. no	Position on chromosome (cM)	R²	IR-64	AC-39020	IET-16348
Root	RLD	RM80	8	103.7	19.0	132	143	122
	RWT	RM2584	8	45.8	14.5	173	176	247
	RLD	RM1388	4	77.9	17.2	245	235	215
	RLD	RM262	2	81.1	14.5	185	178	170
	R/S	RM239	10	25.2	13.8	194	198	219
	RV	RM3825	1	143.7	13.0	163	169	154
	RV	RM16	3	131.5	10.8	186	187	167
	RL	RM3276	4	102.4	13.3	158	190	169
	RV	RM247	12	32.3	12.1	145	139	166
	RLD	RM167	4	37.5	16.7	167	129	146
	RV	RM4455	10	21.8	20.4	221	298	149
	R/S	RM71	2	49.8	10.1	160	143	168
Δ¹³C	Δ¹³C	RM493	1	79.9	14.2	260	250	240
	Δ¹³C	RM586	6	7.4	17.4	243	272	278
	Δ¹³C	RM149	8	122.1	15.4	255	264	357
	Δ¹³C	RM131	4	148.8	18.3	217	207	223

Note: These markers were discovered by adopting association mapping approach and are reported in Raju et al. (2016). The position of the marker on rice genome was obtained from http://archive.gramene.org/markers/
RLD Root length density (cm² g^− 1), RWT Root weight (g pl^− 1), R/S Root to shoot biomass ratio (g. g^− 1), RV Root volume (cm³), Δ¹³C Carbon isotope discrimination (‰)