Fig. 4
From: Progressive drought alters architectural and anatomical traits of rice roots
Comparison of Laser Ablation Tomography (LAT) images plus digital processing with standard histological methods for lignin assessment. Nodal root samples were collected from 4-week-old well-watered Arabi. a LAT image showing a nodal root and a small lateral root; b the same image digitally “stained”; c enlarged view of a nodal root cross section showing detailed anatomical structures including root hairs (rh), epidermis (ep), exodermis (ex), sclerenchyma (sc), aerenchyma (ae), septa (sp), inner cortical cells (in.co), endodermis (en), phloem (p), metaxylem vessel (mx), and pith; d digital staining of image “c” showing lignin deposition in cell walls of sc, in.co, en and pith. e Toluidine Blue O staining of hand cross sections of fresh nodal roots showing lignin deposition (blue color) in cells of sc, in co, and en, and f Wiesner or phloroglucinol-HCl staining showing lignin deposition (reddish-brown color) in sc and en. Horizontal scale bars represent 100 μm