Fig. 1

Subcellular localization of PM protein markers tagged with fluorescent proteins in rice root. Labelling of OsPIP-GFP constructions was observed in exodermis of fresh roots in different types (upper left). Each row of photos refers to distinct types: RR, radicle root; CR, crown root; LR, lateral root. Root cells were briefly stained with FM4–64, a typical PM-dye in these conditions, and showed a colocalization with OsPIP-GFP signal (arrows, upper right). Plasmolysis of protoplasts was observed with propidium iodide counterstaining the cell wall, and did not show any colocalization with OsPIP-GFP signal (arrows, lower left). ER-Tracker Blue-White DPX stained a compartment surrounding the nucleus, tentatively identified as endoplasmic reticulum (arrows, lower right). Due to limited resolution of light microscopy, PM and endoplasmic reticulum labelling could not be separated properly (asterisks). Root cells were observed by means of laser scanning confocal microscopy. Images were taken at a region ~ 0.5–1 cm from the root tip of plants, 7–8 days after germination