Fig. 12

Extent of the agroecological constrained areas of Bangladesh a Flood-prone areas by flooding types. Severity of flooding is classified based on the recurrence of flooding and the extent of crop damage. Severe represents occurrence of floods 5 times or more in 10 years timeframe with considerable loss/damage of standing crops, where moderate means 3-4 times occurrence with significant loss/damage while low represents occurrence at least twice in 10 years timeframe with loss of standing crops. b Flood-prone areas by flooding depth, c Drought-prone areas by crop seasons. Severity of drought is classified based on the extent of yield reduction. Very severe, severe, moderate, and slight severity represent yield reduction of more than 50%, 30-50%, 15-30% and below 15%, respectively, d Other agroecological constrained areas. (Map of the agroecologically constrained areas of Bangladesh is shown in Additional file 3: Figure S3). Information of Agro-ecological constrains areas of Bangladesh were collected from land resources information management system of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council