Fig. 4
From: The existence of C4-bundle-sheath-like photosynthesis in the mid-vein of C3 rice
The different expressions of relative variable fluorescence (V or W, left vertical axis) of rice mid-veins (△) and leaf laminae (□). The difference fluorescence kinetics of mid-veins (▲) to leaf laminae (█) was calculated using the equation: ΔV (or ΔW) = V (or W)mid ‐ vein – V (or W)leaf laminae (right vertical axis). Each curve represents the average kinetics derived from 15 independent measurements of Ft. a Normalized between FO and FM: Vt = (Ft – FO)/(FM – FO), and △Vt was marked by the O, L, K, J, I, P steps. The graph was plotted on a logarithmic time scale (0.02 ms to 1 s). b Normalized between FO and FK: Wok = (Ft – Fo)/(FK – Fo), and △WOk reveals L-bands which indicate the degree of energetic dis-connectivity (grouping) of the PSII units. The graph was plotted on a linear time scale (0.02 ms to 0.3 ms). c Normalized between FO and FJ: WoJ = (Ft – FO)/(FJ – FO), and △WOJ reveals K-bands which indicate the degree of inactivation of OEC. The graph was plotted on a linear time scale (0.02 ms to 2 ms). d In the main panel, normalized between FI and FP: WIP = (Ft – FI)/(FP – FI), and horizontal dashed line at 0.5 indicates half time needed to reduce pool of the end electron acceptor with electrons donated by intermediate carriers. In the inserted panel, normalized between FO and FI: WOI (≥1) = (Ft – FO)/(FI – FO), and the maximum amplitude of IP phase illustrates the differences in the pool size of the end electron acceptors. The graph was plotted on a linear time scale (30 ms to 400 ms)