Fig. 1From: Rice arbuscular mycorrhiza as a tool to study the molecular mechanisms of fungal symbiosis and a potential target to increase productivitySchematic view of mycorrhization and rice genes directly involved at each stage. SLs derived from host roots induce hyphal branching of AM fungi. At the same time, Myc factors secreted from AM fungi induce symbiotic Ca2+ spiking. At the tips of branched hyphae, hyphopodia are formed on the epidermis of host roots. Immediately beneath the hyphopodia, the pre-penetration apparatus (PPA) develops to guide hyphal penetration. In the inner cortex, arbuscules develop and act as a nutrient exchanger between the host plants and AM fungiBack to article page