Table 4 Genes associated with eight grain quality traits commonly detected using haplotype-based association analysis with the QK model

GBSSI

AC

2.21 × 10⁻²⁸

1.44 × 10⁻²⁹

1.54 × 10⁻²⁸

6.85 × 10⁻³²

1.09 × 10⁻²⁵

1.41 × 10⁻²⁵

0.4921

0.5309

0.5037

0.5517

0.4396

0.4323

DEC

2.81 × 10⁻⁵

0.0229

1.78 × 10⁻³

8.76 × 10⁻³

0.0142

0.0953

0.0485

0.0689

0.0521

0.0578

GC

7.17 × 10⁻⁷

9.26 × 10⁻⁶

0.0100

2.55 × 10⁻⁴

6.02 × 10⁻⁴

0.0132

0.1131

0.1117

0.0425

0.0772

0.0805

0.0577

PGWC

4.27 × 10⁻⁶

5.75 × 10⁻⁴

0.0261

2.11 × 10⁻³

0.1034

0.0744

0.0515

0.0690

GBSSII

GL

5.71 × 10⁻³

0.0105

1.68 × 10⁻⁶

5.23 × 10⁻⁴

0.0313

0.0416

0.0412

0.0884

0.0555

0.0306

SSIIa

AC

9.26 × 10⁻³

6.36 × 10⁻³

9.92 × 10⁻⁴

1.47 × 10⁻³

0.0275

1.30 × 10⁻⁵

0.0842

0.0880

0.1022

0.0938

0.0745

0.1274

DEC

6.08 × 10⁻⁷

3.34 × 10⁻⁴

2.89 × 10⁻⁴

4.45 × 10⁻⁸

1.88 × 10⁻⁴

1.31 × 10⁻⁶

0.1521

0.1052

0.1081

0.1705

0.1041

0.1497

PGWC

3.46 × 10⁻¹⁰

1.63 × 10⁻⁵

3.22 × 10⁻³

9.58 × 10⁻¹¹

1.41 × 10⁻⁵

1.18 × 10⁻⁸

0.1978

0.1311

0.0933

0.2110

0.1269

0.1809

SSIVb

DEC

1.13 × 10⁻²

5.30 × 10⁻³

2.83 × 10⁻²

0.0422

0.0497

0.0292