Table 2 Information on the genes related to sucrose transport, sucrose cleavage, intermediate metabolic steps and starch biosynthesis

Sucrose transport and cleavage

D87819

Sucrose transporter (SUT1)

OsSUT1; Hirose et al. 1997

Impaired grain filling (Scofield et al. 2002)

AK072276

Cell wall invertase 2

OsCIN2; Cho et al. 2005

Chalky phenotype with abnormal amyloplast (gif1; Wang et al. 2008)

AK100306

Sucrose synthase 3

SUS3; Hirose et al. 2008

-

AK102158

Sucrose synthase 4

SUS4; Hirose et al. 2008

-

Metabolic step between sucrose cleavage and starch biosynthesis

DQ116384

Hexokinase 2

OsHXK2; Cho et al. 2006

-

DQ116386

Hexokinase 4

OsHXK4; Cho et al. 2006

-

DQ116387

Hexokinase 5

OsHXK5; Cho et al. 2006

-

DQ116388

Hexokinase 6

OsHXK6; Cho et al. 2006

-

DQ116390

Hexokinase 8

OsHXK8; Cho et al. 2006

-

AB062606

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase

UGPase; Abe et al. 2002, OsUgp1; Chen et al. 2007, UGPase1; Woo et al. 2008

Chalky phenotype (Koh et al. 1999)

AF455812

Phosphoglucomutase

NCBI^a; Akiyama, unpublished.

-

Starch biosynthesis

U66041

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit

OsAGPL2; Ohdan et al. 2005; Lee et al. 2007

shrunken phenotype (Lee et al. 2007)

AK103906

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit

OsAGPS2b; Ohdan et al. 2005; Lee et al. 2007

shrunken phenotype (Lee et al. 2007)

AK107368

ADP-glucose transporter

OsBT1-1; Toyota et al. 2006

brittle phenotype (maize; Shannon et al. 1998, barley; Patron et al. 2004)

D16202

Soluble starch synthase 1

SSS; Baba et al. 1993, SSI; Hirose and Terao 2004, OsSSI; Ohdan et al. 2005

Altered fine structure of amylopectin (Fujita et al. 2006)

AF419099

Soluble starch synthase II-3

SSII-3; Hirose and Terao 2004, SSIIa; Ohdan et al. 2005

Altered fine structure of amylopectin (alk; Umemoto et al. 2004)

AY100469

Soluble starch synthase III-2

SSIII-2; Hirose and Terao 2004, OsSSIII-2; Dian et al. 2005, OsSSIIIa; Ohdan et al. 2005

White-cored chalky phenotype and altered fine structure of amylopectin (Fujita et al. 2007, flo5; Ryoo et al. 2007)

X62134

Granule-bound starch synthase I

Okagaki 1992, GBSSI; Hirose and Terao 2004, OsGBSSI; Ohdan et al. 2005

waxy phenotype with the absence of amylose (Itoh et al. 2003)

D11082

Starch branching enzyme I

RBEI; Mizuno et al. 1992, OsBE1; Ohdan et al. 2005

Altered fine structure of amylopectin (sbeI; Satoh et al. 2003)

D16201

Starch branching enzyme IIb

RBEIII; Mizuno et al. 1993, OsBEIIb; Ohdan et al. 2005

Chalky phenotype and altered fine structure of amylopectin (amylose-extender; Nishi et al. 2001)

AB093426

Starch debranching enzyme: Isoamylase I

OsISA1; Ohdan et al. 2005

sugary phenotype (sugary-1; Kubo et al. 1999a)

AK063766

Plastidial phosphorylase

OsPHOL; Ohdan et al. 2005

shrunken to pseudonormal phenotypes (pho1; Satoh et al. 2008), protein phosphorylation in amyloplast (wheat; Tetlow et al. 2004)