|
Germination stage
| | | | |
|
Vigor of germination
|
Vigor of germination (%) = Number of germinated grains/Number of total grains × 100
|
14°C/7-17 d
|
-
|
(Han et al. [2006])
|
|
Seedling survival rate
|
Seedling survival rate (%) = Surviving seedlings/Sprouting seeds × 100, determined when shoots are about 5 mm long.
|
2°C/3 d
|
20°C/7 d
|
(Zhou et al. [2012])
|
|
Seedling stage
| | | | |
|
Fresh weight (FW)
|
Changes in FW of plants after cold treatment can be used as an indicator of cold damage.
|
10°C/1-48°h
|
-
|
(Bonnecarrère et al. [2011])
|
|
Survival rate
|
Survival rate (%) after cold treatment is calculated as the Number of surviving plants/Total number plants treated × 100
|
4°C/6 d
|
26°C/6 d
|
(Zhang et al. [2011b])
|
|
Leaf emergence
|
New leaf emergence demonstrates maintained vigor and increased growth.
|
4°C/7 d
|
25°C/10 d
|
(Xie et al. [2012])
|
|
Seedling growth
|
1 = dark green seedlings, 3 = light green seedlings, 5 = yellow seedlings, 7 = brown seedlings, 9 = seedlings dead.
|
9°C/8-14 d
|
-
|
(Kim and Tai [2011]; IRRI [2002]; Andaya and Tai [2006])
|
|
Leaf growth
|
A score of 1-3 (tolerant, all leaves normal, no apparent visual injury), or 4-9 (susceptible, all leaves wilted, seedlings apparently dead).
|
10°C/7 d
|
25°C/7 d
|
(Suh et al. [2012])
|
|
Metabolic assessments
|
Metabolites include EL, proline, MDA, and AsA, and GSH.
|
9°C/1-14 d
|
-
|
(Tian et al. [2011]; Zhang et al. [2011a]; Kim and Tai [2011]; Yang et al. [2012])
|
|
Enzyme activities
|
Enzymes include POD, SOD, and CAT, and APX.
|
4°C/0-4 d
|
25°C/7 d
|
(Bonnecarrère et al. [2011]; Huang et al. [2009]; Sato et al. [2001])
|
|
Reproductive stage
| | | | |
|
Spikelet fertility (CGC)
|
Spikelet fertility is calculated as the ratio of filled grains to the total number of florets, basing on cold greenhouse cultivation.
|
12°C/6 d
|
Until maturation
|
(Sato et al. [2011])
|
|
Spikelet fertility (CDWI)
|
Spikelet fertility is calculated as the same as spikelet fertility (CGC), but the cold treatment is based on cold deep-water irrigation.
|
18-19°C/~60 d
|
-
|
(Shirasawa et al. [2012])
|
