Table 4 Pyramiding for Improving Rice Disease Resistance
From: Potential Candidate Genes for Improving Rice Disease Resistance
Gene | Transgenic plant | Disease reduction | Isolate tested | Enhanced defense expression | Side effects | References | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Annotation | Origin | Function | Genotype | Japonica/Indica | Expression | Type | M. oryzae | X. oryzae pv oryzae | Other pathogens or pest | M. oryzae | X. oryzae pv oryzae | Before infection | After infection | ||
tlp, chi, Xa21 | Thaumatin-like protein, chitinase and Receptor like kinase | Oryza sativa | PR and receptor | ASD16, ADT38, IR72, IR64,White Ponni, | Indica | Constitutive | OX | nd | 90% | 95% (R. solani ) | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | Maruthasalam et al. 2007 |
Xa21, chi, Bt | Receptor like kinase, Chitinase and Bt toxin | Oryza sativa and Bacillus thriengensis | PR and receptor | IR72 | Indica | Constitutive | OX | nd | 90% | 63% (R. solani ) and yellow stem borer | nd | nd | nd | nd | None | Datta et al. 2002 |
RCH10, RAC22, Glc, RIP | RCH10 (basic chitinase), RAC22 (acidic chitinase), β-Glucanase and BRibosome Inactivating protein | Oryza sativa | PR | 9311 | Indica | Constitutive | OX | Yes | nd | 60-100% reduction of kernel smut (T. barclayana ); also resistance to U. virens | nd | nd | nd | nd | None | Zhu et al. 2007 |
RIP, chi | Ribosome inactivating protein and chitinase | Oryza sativa and Maize | PR | Kenfong | nd | Constitutive | OX | no effect | nd | 25% (R. solani ), no effect on B. oryzae | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | Kim et al. 2003 |
PINA, PINB | Structural proteins | Triticum aestivum | other | M202 | Japonica | Constitutive | OX | 53% | nd | 22% (R. solani ) | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | Krishnamurthy et al. 2001 |