Fig. 1

Synteny of five crop genomes. Different color bars represent the chromosomes in different grass genomes, with their telomeres indicated by red triangles. Arrows show rearrangements relative to rice. Arrows with a single arrowhead are translocations, and those with two arrowheads are inversions. Arrows at 3 o'clock and 7 o'clock indicate rearrangements that are shared by the subfamily Panicoideae (foxtail millet, sorghum, and maize). Dotted bars indicate regions where insufficient data were available at the time of the analysis undertaken by Gale and Devos [30]. The dotted internal line indicates a duplication shared by chromosomes 11 and 12 of rice [69]. Red dots are orthologous genes controlling semi-dwarf phenotypes that are located on rice chromosome 3, wheat chromosome 4 and maize chromosome 1 [22, 73]. pt Part of a chromosome.