Fig. 3

The specific expression of OsNOMT in endosperm resulted in the accumulation of sakuranetin and increased the blast resistance in rice seeds. A Schematic diagram of the pOsGluD-1::OsNOMT construct with the OsNOMT CDS, driven by the OsGluD-1 promoter. B LC–MS/MS analysis of the sakuranetin content in ZH11 and pOsGluD-1::OsNOMT seeds at 15 DAF. #6, #7, and #17 represent three different transgenic lines. P-values were determined using two-tailed Student’s t-tests, ***P < 0.001 (mean ± s.d., n = 3, individual values and means are shown, biologically independent samples). FW, fresh weight. C The MALDI-MS images of metabolites in the sakuranetin biosynthesis pathway in ZH11 and pOsGluD-1::OsNOMT seeds at 25 DAF. The colors in the spatial distribution images represent the relative content of metabolites, and 0 to 1 indicates sequentially increasing metabolite content. Scale bar = 1 mm. D LC–MS/MS analysis of the sakuranetin content in ZH11 and pOsGluD-1::OsNOMT seeds at the mature stage. DW, dry weight; n.d., not detected. E The phenotype of pOsGluD-1::OsNOMT panicle inoculated with rice blast. The red triangles indicate M. oryzae-infected rice seeds. Scale bar = 2 cm. F The relative fungal growth in E. Relative fungal growth indicates the relative fungal biomass in M. oryzae-inoculated panicles and was determined with fungal 28S rDNA normalized to rice genomic ACTIN1 DNA by DNA-based qPCR. P-values were determined using two-tailed Student’s t-tests, ***P < 0.001 (mean ± s.d., n = 3, individual values and means are shown, biologically independent samples)