Fig. 3

Differences in S-cycling metabolic pathways of wild and cultivated rice rhizosphere microbiome, and isolation of rhizosphere microbe containing sulfate-dissimilated reduction genes. a Rhizosphere microbiome metabolic pathways associated with the S-cycling in wild and cultivated rice. Red arrows represent the dominant pathways in wild rice rhizosphere, while blue arrows in cultivated. Bold genes represent significant difference, but not in reverse. b Differences in metabolic pathways between dissimilatory and assimilatory sulfate reduction pathways. Red arrows represent the dissimilatory sulfate reduction which is the dominant pathway in wild rice rhizosphere, and blue arrows represent the dominant pathway in cultivated. In the histogram, the red columns represent the rhizosphere gene abundance in wild rice, while the blue columns represent the cultivated. c Families containing dissimilatory sulfate reduction genes (dsrAB, aprAB). d Colony morphology of isolated microbe. e PCR amplification of dissimilatory sulfate reduction genes (dsrA, aprA)