Fig. 1

Phenotype of the WT and ygl3 mutant under low temperature. (a) Plants at the tillering stage. Scale bar = 10 cm. (b–d) Two-week-old WT and ygl3 seedlings at 32 °C (b), 28 °C (c), and 22 °C (d). Scale bars = 8 cm. (e), Chlorophyll a content in WT and ygl3 plants at 32 °C, 28 °C, and 22 °C. (f) Chlorophyll b contents of WT and ygl3 plants at 32 °C, 28 °C, and 22 °C. (g and h) Net photosynthetic rates and transpiration rates of WT and ygl3 plants in the heading stage. (i–n) Ultrastructure of chloroplasts in cells of the leaves of WT (i–k) and ygl3 (l–n) plants at the fourth leaf stage. C, chloroplast; Cw, cell wall; S, starch granule; Og, osmiophilic plastoglobuli. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation from three biological replicates. Asterisks indicate statistical significance as determined by Student’s t-test (**P < 0.01; 0.01 < *P < 0.05)