Fig. 3

Two methods for estimating realized genetic gain using regression models: one-step and two-step. In the model, the numerical variables are in bold, and the factors are in normal font. The different class colors define the class of factors. Blue represents variables set as fixed effects in the model, red represents variables set as random effects, and green represents variables that may be set as random or fixed effects depending on whether one is expecting to estimate the BLUEs or BLUPs