Table 3 Effects of foliar spraying ZnO NPs on RVA parameters of rice
Year | Treatment | Peak viscosity (cP) | Trough viscosity (cP) | Final viscosity (cP) | Breakdown (cP) | Setback (cP) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019 | CK | 2655.00 ± 32.14b | 2004.67 ± 97.68a | 2478.00 ± 91.91a | 650.33 ± 61.34b |  − 177.00 ± 20.06a |
T1 | 2725.67 ± 14.57a | 1846.00 ± 55.47ab | 2388.67 ± 38.68a | 879.67 ± 43.53a |  − 337.00 ± 25.82ab | |
T2 | 2742.00 ± 27.50a | 1758.67 ± 74.81ab | 2313.33 ± 60.48a | 983.33 ± 74.77a |  − 428.67 ± 63.57b | |
T3 | 2747.00 ± 18.52a | 1753.33 ± 11.59b | 2386.33 ± 14.74a | 993.67 ± 27.65a |  − 360.67 ± 11.24ab | |
T4 | 2696.00 ± 41.94ab | 1712.67 ± 22.55b | 2351.33 ± 41.04a | 983.33 ± 20.43a |  − 344.67 ± 30.01ab | |
T5 | 2727.33 ± 17.79a | 1830.33 ± 69.74ab | 2358.33 ± 80.16a | 897.00 ± 47.22a |  − 369.00 ± 62.45b | |
2020 | CK | 2708.00 ± 42.58ab | 1937.33 ± 64.85a | 2430.67 ± 154.05a | 770.67 ± 36.26b |  − 277.33 ± 28.00a |
T1 | 2683.33 ± 15.95ab | 1706.33 ± 28.57b | 2239.33 ± 35.57b | 977.00 ± 37.27a |  − 444.00 ± 44.03b | |
T2 | 2602.67 ± 10.02c | 1604.33 ± 51.16bc | 2168.00 ± 50.69bc | 998.33 ± 60.93a |  − 434.67 ± 60.01b | |
T3 | 2661.33 ± 14.47b | 1652.00 ± 42.00bc | 2235.67 ± 32.25bc | 1009.33 ± 40.02a |  − 425.67 ± 20.40b | |
T4 | 2732.67 ± 36.35a | 1714.33 ± 43.36b | 2259.33 ± 11.37b | 1018.33 ± 52.37a |  − 473.33 ± 32.03b | |
T5 | 2559.67 ± 12.52c | 1544.00 ± 29.51c | 2118.67 ± 34.79c | 1015.67 ± 31.47a |  − 441.00 ± 37.04b |