Group and property | Effect on tolerance | Relevant gene | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Photosynthesis | Â | Â | Â |
Chlorophyll content | Positive | OsiSAP8, TERF2 | |
Fv/Fm | Positive | CBF1/DREB1b, Asr1, OsCDPK7 | |
Electrolyte leakage | Negative | CBF1/DREB1b, OsLti6, ZFP245, TERF2, OVP1, OsNAC5 | (Huang et al. [2009]; Tian et al. [2011]; Song et al. [2011]; Zhang et al. [2011a]; Lee et al. [2004]; Morsy et al. [2005]) |
ROS and MDA | Â | Â | Â |
Hydrogen peroxide | Negative | OsAPXa, OsMKK6, OsMPK3, OsNAC6, OsTRX23, SodCc1, OsPOX1 | (Xie et al. [2012]; Xie et al. [2009]; Sato et al. [2011]; Lee et al. [2009]; Nakashima et al. [2007]) |
Superoxide radicals | Negative | OsAPXa | (Sato et al. [2011]) |
Hydroxyl radicals | Negative | OsAPXa | (Sato et al. [2011]) |
Malondialdehyde | Negative | OsAPXa, OsMKK6, OsMPK3, OsNAC6, ZmCBF3 | (Sato et al. [2011]; Xie et al. [2012]; Xu et al. [2011]; Nakashima et al. [2007]) |
Soluble sugars | Â | Â | Â |
Sucrose | Positive | OSINV4, OsDREB1A, TERF2 | (Tian et al. [2011]; Oliver et al. [2005]; Ito et al. [2006]) |
Hexose | Positive | OSINV4 | (Oliver et al. [2005]) |
Raffinose | Positive | OsDREB1A, TERF2 | |
Glucose | Positive | OsDREB1A, TERF2 | |
Fructose | Positive | OsDREB1A, TERF2 | |
Trehalose | Positive | OsNAC5, OsPP1, OsPP2, OsTPP | (Song et al. [2011]) |
Cold-related amino acids | Â | Â | Â |
Proline | Positive | OsCOIN, OsDREB1A, OsMYB2, OVP1, OsNAC5, MYB4, OsPRP3, ZFP245, OsMYB3R-2 | (Huang et al. [2009]; Tian et al. [2011]; Song et al. [2011]; Zhang et al. [2011a]; Liu et al. [2007]; Yang et al. [2012]; Vannini et al. [2004]; Gothandam et al. [2010]; Ma et al. [2009]) |
Antioxidants | Â | Â | Â |
Ascorbic acid | Positive | Unknown | (Kim and Tai [2011]) |
Glutathione | Positive | OsTRX23 |